Coal carbonization and/or gasification plant

An improved plant for coal carbonization or gasification of the type having a vessel with reaction compartment, at least one burner at the top of the reaction compartment for the partial combustion of finely-ground coal at a temperature above the ash-melting temperature to produce a product of gas, coke dust and slag or ashes, the compartment having a bottom opening for the discharge of gas-coke dust current from the compartment, and means for separating the product gas is disclosed. A lower chamber is in the vessel underneath the compartment adjacent to the opening. A heating surface in a vertical wall portion of the vessel surrounding the lower chamber, and a slag trap adapted to trap slag arranged in the bottom of the chamber is provided.

What is claimed is:

1. In a plant for coal carbonization or gasification, or both, of the type having a vessel with reaction compartment, at least one burner at the top of the reaction compartment for the partial combustion of finely-ground coal at a temperature above the ash-melting temperature to produce a product of gas, and solid components composed of coke dust and slag or ashes, the burner being operable to issue a current of the gas and solid components into the reaction compartment, the compartment having a bottom opening for the discharge of gas-coke dust from the compartment, and means for separating the product gas from the solid components, the improvement comprising said vessel having a lower chamber in said vessel underneath said compartment adjacent to the opening, said vessel having a vertical wall portion with a heating surface surrounding said lower chamber, wherein said heating surface is a radiation heating surface, and a slag trap adapted to trap slag arranged in the bottom of said chamber, an uncooled refractory lining said reaction compartment and wherein said reaction compartment is substantially cylindrical with a height-diameter ratio of 2:1 to 3:1 and at least two burners with oppositely directed spirals are arranged at the top of said reaction compartment, said burners being operative to pass the current of gas and solid components therefrom such that any radial components of the gas-solid current issuing from the burners cancel each other out, said heating surface being a radiation heating surface further comprising deflection means for passing product gas and coke dust from said chamber, said deflection means communicating with said chamber between a bottom part of said heating surface and said slag trap, a nozzle-shaped outlet member at said bottom opening, and a conical transition between said reaction compartment and the outlet member, having an angle of 20 to 40 degrees, the ratio of the cross-section of said chamber to the cross-section of the reaction compartment outlet ranging from 1.5:1 to 5:1, the ratio of the reaction compartment diameter to the burner outlet diameter ranging from 5-1 to 2-1, said bottom opening having a cross-section dimension of about a quarter to a third of the cross-section of the reaction compartment, and said compartment having a length sufficient to provide a residence time of the gas-solid current of one to two seconds.

2. An improved plant according to claim 1, wherein said deflection means includes a radiation heating surface.

3. An improved plant according to claim 1, wherein said deflection means includes a deflection member connected to said vessel in communication with said chamber, said deflection member having a radiation heating surface and a guide member extending substantially vertically upward communicating with said deflection member.

4. An improved plant according to claim 3, wherein said vessel includes at least two symmetrically arranged vessels, and a common gas-coke-dust guide member connected to and communicating with each deflection member.

5. An improved plant according to claim 1, wherein said deflection means includes at least two deflection members for passing gas and coke dust symmetrically communicating with said chamber and at least two gas-coke dust guide members, each communicating with a respective deflection member.

6. An improved plant according to claim 1, wherein at least two parallel reaction compartments open into said chamber.

7. An improved plant according to claim 1, further comprising cooler means for preheating boiler feed water disposed in said slag trap.

8. An improved plant according to claim 1, further comprising a steam cylinder, said heating surface including parallel-connected radiation heating surfaces, designed as radiation evaporators, having inlets and outlets connected to said steam cylinder, a plurality of parallel-connected contact heat exchanges serially arranged in said deflection means and communicating with said steam cylinder for superheating steam, a convection evaporator arranged downstream of said contact heat exchangers and having an inlet and outlet communicating with the steam cylinder, and a feed water preheater arranged downstream of said convection evaporator connected with the steam cylinder.