Anti-inflammatory N-acyl substituted benzamides
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Metz, Gunter; Specker, Manfred; |
There are disclosed N-acyl substituted benzamides of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein: X is carbon or nitrogen; R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkoxy, phenoxy or acetoxy; Y is the radical --O--, --NH-- or --S--; Z is an alkylene group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenylene group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, either of which group may be unsubstituted or substituted by an alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, cycloalkyl, acetyl, amino or halogenphenoxy group; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms in which either the alkyl or the alkenyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen, phenyl or halogenphenyl substituent; and The value of n, m, and p may each be 0 or 1, and in the case of p=1, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Also disclosed is a method for making such compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.
This invention relates to new N-acyl substituted benzamides, to a process for their preparation and to the use of such compounds in a pharmaceutical composition.
The compound metoclopramide is a compound known in the art as an antiemetic. The preparation of this compound, which has the formula: ##STR2## IS DESCRIBED IN U.S. Pat. No. 3,177,252. German Offenlegungsschriften Nos. 2,330,425 and 2,331,262 and German Auslegeschriften Nos. 1,518,271 and 1,518,310 further disclose the use of this compound as neuroleptic, psycholeptic, antiarrhytmic, analgesic, spasmolytic, choleretic, sedative, and antihistaminic agents. The acute toxicity of this compound is reported by German Offenlegungsschriften No. 2,330,425 to be as follows:
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LD.sub.50 oral rat 235 mg/kg
LD.sub.50 i.p. rat 180 mg/kg
LD.sub.50 i.p. mouse 242 mg/kg
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It is an object of this invention to provide compounds having desirable pharmacological characteristics and having a toxicity both orally (p.o.) as well as intraparitoneally (i.p.) lower than that of metoclopramide.
This, and other objects, are obtained by the practice of this invention which, briefly, comprises providing a new N-acyl substituted benzamide having the general formula (I): ##STR3## wherein: X is carbon or nitrogen;
R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkoxy, phenoxy or acetoxy;
Y is the radical --O--, --NH-- or --S--;
Z is an alkylene group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenylene group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, either of which group may be unsubstituted or substituted by an alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, cycloalkyl, acetyl, amino or halogenphenoxy group;
R.sub.2 is hydrogen, an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms in which either the alkyl or the alkenyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen, phenyl or halogenphenyl substituent; and
the value of n, m, and p may each be 0 or 1, and in the case of p = 1, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
When any of the above defined groups is halogen, it may be fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine and is preferably chlorine or fluorine. For the group R.sub.1, the p- and o- position, especially the p- position is preferred. However, when R.sub.1 is the trifluoromethyl group, it is preferably in the m- position.
When the group R.sub.1 is an alkyl radical, it may be methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl or n-pentyl, or a branched pentyl group. Preferably, the alkyl group contains from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The methyl group is particularly preferred.
Examples of suitable straight chain or branched chain alkenylene groups are ethenylene, propenylene, butenylene, or pentenylene groups, always with a double bond.
Whenever R.sub.2 is a halogenalkyl radical, it is preferably a methoiodide, an ethyliodide or a butylbromide radical.
The compounds of formula (I) are prepared in accordance with the practice of this invention by reacting a carboxylic acid of the general formula (II) ##STR4## in which R.sub.1, X, Y, Z, n, and m have the meanings previously defined with metoclopramide. The group R.sub.2 may be introduced into the compound, i.e., the compound of (I), wherein p has a value of 1, in a manner known in the art for the purpose of producing a quaternary ammonium compound.
Suitable acid derivatives of compound (II), such as acid chlorides, acid anhydrides or esters, may be used in place of the free acid. The direct conversion of the carboxylic acid of formula (II) with metoclopramide preferably is accomplished in an aromatic solvent or a halogenated hydrocarbon while heating to reflux temperature. The conversion may also take place in the same manner in any other suitable inert solvent or even in a solvent-free system in the presence of a component which will split off water, such as, for example, phosphorous oxychloride, phosphorous trichloride, phosphorous pentachloride or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. When a solvent is used, it is used in anhydrous form. The molar ratio between carboxylic acid of the formula (II) and metoclopramide in the reaction system preferably amounts to from 1:1 to 1:2. The basic acylamide obtained may be converted by reaction with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid into the corresponding salt or may be quaternized by reaction with a halogen alkane.
The following examples illustrate the preparation of the compounds of this invention:
EXAMPLE 1
Nicotinic acid (6.82 grams); (0.075 mole) and metoclopramide (14.9 grams; (0.95 mole) having the melting point of 148.degree. C. are dissolved in 100 ml. of chloroform. At ambient temperature, 5.6 grams of phosphorous oxychloride are added drop by drop and the batch is heated for three more hours under reflux. After extraction with 80 ml. of 10% caustic soda solution, and subsequently with water, the chloroform solution is concentrated in a vacuum and the distillation residue having a boiling point of 100 to 140.degree. C. is recrystallized from benzene. There is thus obtained 10.4 g. (51.4% of theory) of 4-nicotinoylamino-5-chloro-2-methyoxy-N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]benzamide having a melting point of 99.degree. to 100.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 2
The hydrochloride salt of the compound of Example 1 is prepared. The compound is recrystallized from a mixture of ethyl acetate and isopropanol and has a melting point of 213.degree. to 214.degree. C. It has IR peaks (KBr) at 3360, 3000, 1690 and 1644 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 3
Metoclopramide (14.9 g.; 0.05 mole) is suspended in 100 ml. of xylene and after addition of 2-phenylbutyric acid anhydride (46.5 g.; 0.15 mole) having a melting point of 150.degree. C./1.15 torr, the mixture is heated for three hours to 120.degree. C. The mixture is extracted with diluted caustic soda solution and is then concentrated. The distillation residue is recrystallized from diisopropylether, resulting in 11.7 g. (56.2% of theory) of 4-(2-phenylbutyroylamino)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[2-diethylaminoethyl]benzam ide having a melting point of 118.degree.-119.degree. C.
IR(KBr): 3350, 3250, 1715, 1700, 1635 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 4
The citrate of the product obtained in Example 3 is produced by esterification with citric acid. The product has a melting point of 69.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 5
2-Phenyl-2-ethylbutyric acid (14.4 g.; 0.075 mole) and metoclopramide (14.9 g.; 0.05 mole) are suspended in 100 ml. of toluene. To this mixture is added 5.6 g. of phosphorous oxychloride drop by drop while heating slightly at 30.degree.-40.degree. C. After the addition is completed, it is heated for three hours under reflux. After extraction with 10% caustic soda solution and water, the organic phase is concentrated and the residue is recrystallized from gasoline (boiling point 100.degree.-140.degree. C.). There is thus obtained 12.2 g. of 4-(2-phenyl-2-ethylbutyroylamino)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[2-(diethylamino)et hyl]benzamide (51.5% of theory) having a melting point of 113.degree. C. IR(KBr): 3390, 1708, 1665 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 6
Metoclopramide (59.8 g.; 0.2 mole) and triethylamine (30.0 g; 0.3 mole) are dissolved in 400 ml. of chloroform. To this mixture there is added dropwise 2-(4-chlorphenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid chloride (72.0 g.; 0.3 mole). The mixture is heated under reflux for two hours and is subsequently mixed with 100 ml. of 20% caustic soda solution and with water. After evaporation, the distillation residue is recrystallized from methanol whereby 73.2 g. (73.7% of theory) of 4-[2-(4-chlorphenoxy)isobutyroylamino]-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[2-(diethylami no)-ethyl]benzamide having a melting point of 120.degree.-121.degree. C. is obtained.
IR(KBr): 3390, 1700, 1660 cm.sup.-1.
Elementary analysis:
CH.sub.24 H.sub.31 Cl.sub.2 N.sub.3 O.sub.4 (496.4) calc.: C=58.07; H=6.30; N=8.46; Cl=14.29; found: C=58.20; H=6.39; N=8.52; Cl=14.49
EXAMPLE 7
The citrate of the compound of Example 6 is obtained by reaction with citric acid. This compound has a melting point of 142.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 8
The tartrate of the product obtained in Example 6 is obtained by reaction with tartaric acid. The product has a melting point of 185.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 9
The hydrochloride of the product of Example 6 is obtained by reaction with hydrochloric acid. The product has a melting point of 185.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 10
The amide described in Example 5 (4.74 g.; 0.01 mole) is dissolved while heating slightly in 30 ml. of acetonitrile and the solution is mixed with methyliodide (1.42 g.; 0.01 mole). The mixture is heated for another two hours to 50.degree. C. The crystallizate obtained is hydroextracted and is recrystallized from a small amount of absolute ethanol. There is thus obtained 4.7 g. (76.3% of yield theory) of 4-(2-phenyl-2-ethylbutyroylamino)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[2-(diethylamino)et hyl]benzamide-methoiodide, having a melting point of 150.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 11
The amide described in Example 6 (4.9 g.; 0.01 mole) and ethyliodide (1.56 g.; 0.01 mole) are heated for three hours under reflux in 30 ml. of acetone. After concentration, the distillation residue is recrystallized from ethyl acetate, whereby 5.1 g. (78.2% of theory) of 4-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)isobutyroylamino]-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[2-(diethylam ino)ethyl]benzamide-ethoiodide, having a melting point of 135.degree.-136.degree. C. are obtained.
Following the procedures described in Examples 1 and 10, more compounds were produced. The structures of these compounds are set forth in the accompanying table, along with the structures of Examples 1 to 11, by defining the various substituents on compound (I). It is understood that a dash in a column under a particular substituent indicates that that substituent is not present in that example. In those cases where p has a value of 1, i.e., where there is an R.sub.2 group present, the acid group of the quartenary salt is listed in the next to the last column. The numbers in the column under R.sub.1 indicate the position of the substituent on the ring.
TABLE I
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Acid group
Melting
Ex.
X R.sub.1
Y Z R.sub.2 (when p=1)
Point
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1 N H -- -- -- -- 99-100
2 N H -- -- H Cl 213-214
3 C H --
##STR5## -- -- 118-119
4 C H --
##STR6## H citrate
69
5 C H --
##STR7## -- -- 113
6 C 4-Cl 0
##STR8## -- -- 120-121
7 C 4-Cl 0
##STR9## H citrate
142
8 C 4-Cl 0
##STR10##
H tartrate
185
9 C 4-Cl 0
##STR11##
H Cl 185
10 C H --
##STR12##
CH.sub.3 I 150
11 C 4-Cl 0
##STR13##
C.sub.2 H.sub.5
I 135-136
12 C H -- -- -- -- 113-114
13 C H -- -- H Cl 206
14 C 3,4,5- -- -- -- -- 132
OCH.sub.3
15 C 3,4,5- -- -- H Cl 213
OCH.sub.3
16 C 3,4,5- -- -- CH.sub.3 I 169
OCH.sub.3
17 C 4-Cl -- -- -- -- 144-146
18 C 4-Cl -- -- CH.sub.3 I 241
19 C 2-OC.sub.6 H.sub.5
-- -- -- -- 136-137
20 C 2-OC.sub.6 H.sub.5
-- -- H Cl 214
21 C 2-OCOCH.sub.3
-- -- -- -- 81-82
22 C 2-OCOCH.sub.3
-- -- CH.sub.3 I 134-135
23 C H -- CH.sub.2 -- -- 100
24 C H -- CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 I 127
25 C H -- CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
-- -- 64
26 C H --
##STR14##
-- -- 69-70
27 C H --
##STR15##
CH.sub.3 I 131
28 C H --
##STR16##
-- -- 146-147
29 C H --
##STR17##
H citrate
87
30 C H --
##STR18##
CH.sub.3 I 212
31 C H --
##STR19##
-- -- 130
32 C H --
##STR20##
CH.sub.3 I 244
33 C H --
##STR21##
-- -- --
34 C H --
##STR22##
CH.sub.3 I 99-110
35 C H --
##STR23##
-- -- 109
36 C H -- CHCH -- -- 124-125
37 C H -- CHCH H Cl 221
38 C H -- CHCH CH.sub.3 I 218-219
39 C H --
##STR24##
-- -- 120
40 C 4-Cl 0 CH.sub.2 -- -- 171
41 C 4-Cl 0 CH.sub.2 H citrate
172
42 C 4-Cl 0 CH.sub.2 H tartrate
163
43 C 4-Cl 0 CH.sub.2 H Cl 223
44 C 4-Cl 0 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 I 242
45 C 4-Cl 0
##STR25##
-- -- 151
46 C 4-Cl 0
##STR26##
H citrate
105
47 C 4-Cl 0
##STR27##
H tartrate
198
48 C 4-Cl 0
##STR28##
H Cl 187
49 C 4-Cl 0
##STR29##
CH.sub.3 I 175
50 C 4-Cl 0
##STR30##
CH.sub.3 I 169-170
51 C 2-Cl 0 CH.sub.2 -- -- 165-166
52 C 2-Cl 0 CH.sub.2 H Cl 216
53 C 3-CF.sub.3
0 CH.sub.2 -- -- 160-161
54 C 3-CF.sub.3
0 CH.sub.2 H Cl 225
55 C 4-Br 0 CH.sub.2 -- -- 175
56 C 4-Br 0 CH.sub.2 H Cl 231
57 C 4-Br 0 CH.sub.2 H maleinate
171
58 C 4-Br 0 CH.sub.2 H fumarate
189
59 C 4-F 0
##STR31##
-- -- 103
60 C 4-F 0
##STR32##
H citrate
80
61 C 4-I 0 CH.sub.2 -- -- 175
62 C 4-I 0 CH.sub.2 H Cl 238
63 C 4-Cl 0
##STR33##
-- -- 104
64 C 4-CH.sub.3
0 CH.sub.2 -- -- 154
65 C 4-CH.sub.3
0 CH.sub.2 H Cl 225
66 C 4-CH.sub.3
0 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 I 227
67 C 4-Br 0
##STR34##
-- -- 132
68 C H 0 CH.sub.2 -- -- 142
69 C H NH CH.sub.2 -- -- 130
70 C H S CH.sub.2 -- -- 111
71 C 4-CH.sub.3
0 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
Br 180
72 C H --
##STR35##
CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
Br 142
73 N H -- -- CH.sub.3 I 155
74 C 4-Cl 0
##STR36##
CH.sub.3 NO.sub.3
122
75 C 4-Cl 0
##STR37##
CH.sub.3 OCOCH.sub.3
71
76 C 4-Cl 0
##STR38##
CH.sub.3 Cl 147
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An elemental analysis was conducted on several of the compounds obtained in the preceding examples. The results are set forth in Table II.
TABLE II
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Elemental Analysis
Calculated Found
Example
C H N C H N
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1 59.33 6.22 13.83 59.31 6.09 13.73
5 65.87 7.65 8.86 64.91 7.48 8.64
11 47.79 5.70 6.43 46.54 5.56 6.50
14 47.21 5.54 6.60 46.76 5.71 6.58
21 59.67 6.31 9.07 59.07 6.21 9.45
23 63.22 6.75 10.05 63.15 6.72 10.20
31 67.38 7.47 8.41 66.88 7.65 8.47
35 61.17 6.53 12.97 60.41 6.80 12.81
36 64.25 6.56 9.77 63.81 6.43 9.61
39 64.25 6.56 9.77 63.89 6.46 9.91
40 56.41 5.81 8.97 56.26 5.80 8.98
45 57.27 6.06 8.71 57.46 6.14 8.67
69 61.03 6.75 12.94 62.12 6.60 12.21
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The compounds of this invention have considerably less toxicity than metoclopramide. The toxicity of the compounds of Examples 9, 43 and 48 in the form of their hydrochlorides was determined and compared with the toxicity of metoclopramide dihydrochloride. The tests were conducted in mice, both p.o. and i.p. The results are set forth in Table 3.
TABLE III
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Doses
Compound
mg/kg Mode Toxicity
Symptoms
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metoclo-
300 p.o. LD 100 --
promide
(2HCl) 200 p.o. -- relaxation of muscles,
respiratory paralysis,
lacrimation
100 i.p. -- respiratory paralysis
Example 9
300 p.o. LD 0 --
(HCl) 100 i.p. -- mild muscle relaxation
Example 43
300 p.o. LD 0 --
(HCl) 200 p.o. -- mild cramps and muscle
relaxation
100 i.p. -- mild muscle relaxation,
ataxia
Example 48
300 p.o. LD 0 --
(HCl) 200 p.o. -- mild cramps and muscle
relaxation
100 i.p. -- mild lacrimation, slight
muscle relaxation
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As the results of Table 3 show, the compounds of this invention have both lower toxicity and different side effects than metoclopramide. Compounds of this invention have interesting pharmacological characteristics. The pharmaco dynamics of the compounds prepared in Examples 9, 43 and 48 in the form of their hydrochlorides, as well as the reference compound, metoclopramide dihydrochloride, were determined by pharmacological screening for 54 group activities. The activities which were found were confirmed by secondary tests. The results of these comparative tests are summarized in Table IV. Additionally, the ED.sub.100 of known group-specific comparative compounds is given.
TABLE 4
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Metoclo- Reference
Test Dose
Mode of
pramide Compound
Parameter
Animal.sup.1
mg/kg
Admin.
2 HCL Ex. 9
Ex. 43
Ex. 48
mg/kg (=ED.sub.100)
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.beta.-adrenergic
blockage r 10.sup.2
in vit.
-- 10.sup.2 MEC.sup.3
-- -- 1.sup.2 propanolol
Muscle 100 pheno-
relaxant m 300 p.o. 100 MED.sup.4
-- 300 MED
-- barbital
Amphetamine 5 chlor-
stereotype
m 25 p.o. 25 MED
-- -- -- promazin
Antiarr-
hytmice m 100 i.p. 100 MED
-- -- -- 100 guanidine
Antiedematous
r 100 p.o. 50 MED
-- 100 MED
-- 50 pheny-
butazone
Cataleptic
m 100 p.o. 100 MED
-- 100 MED
-- 100 pheno-
barbital
Antiag- 5 chlor-
gressive m 50 p.o. 50 -- -- -- promazine
Anti-electro- 10 diphenyl-
shock m 100 p.o. 100 MED
-- -- -- hydomtoin
Blood flake 5.sup.2 acetyl-
aggregate salicylic
stoppage R 10.sup.2
in vit.
-- -- 5.sup.2 MEC
5.sup.2 MEC
acid
Blood flake
aggregate 100.sup.2 adeno-
stoppage (ADP)
R 100.sup.2
in vit.
-- 50.sup.2 MEC
10.sup.2 MEC
10.sup.2 MEC
sine
Antiasthmatic
r 100 p.o. -- -- 100 MED
100 MED
60 chromo-
glycine-
sodium
Anti- 100 acetyl-
thrombotic
r 100 p.o. -- -- 50 MED
100 MED
salicylic
acid
Systematic 50 phenyl-
anaphylactic
m 100 p.o. -- -- 100 MED
-- toloxamine
Adjuvans
arthritis
stoppage r 100 p.o. -- -- 43%/46%.sup.6
45%/33%.sup.6
Intestinal
relaxation
p 1.sup.2
in vit.
-- 2.sup.2 MEC
-- -- 1.sup.2 papaverine
S. Aureus 20.sup.2
in vit.
-- 20.sup.2 MIC.sup.5
20.sup.2 MIC
-- 0.06.sup.2 ampi-
cillin
E. Coli 20.sup.2
in vit.
-- 20.sup.2 MIC
20.sup.2 MIC
20.sup.2 MIC
0.5.sup.2 ampi-
cillin
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.sup.1 m = mouse; r = rat; p = guinea pig; R = rabbit
.sup.2 doses in mg/kg
.sup.3 average effective concentration
.sup.4 average minimal effective dose
.sup.5 minimal inhibitory concentration
.sup.6 Percent inhibition of the secondary lesions on the 14th day
As the test results show, the compounds of this invention have special pharmacological characteristics as compared to metoclopramide. Thus, the compounds of Examples 40 and 45 exhibit very strong anti-inflammatory activity in the adjuvenous arthritis test and in the acute carrageneen experiment. This principle effectiveness is supplemented by weak antimicrobial as well as by antiallergic characteristics.
The compounds of this invention are, therefore, valuable therapeutic agents for the treatment of diseases involving inflammation and allergic symptoms, especially of a rheumatic and arthritic nature. Beyond that, they may also be used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
The drugs of this invention are preferably administered orally, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules or liquids. They may be administered along with well known pharmaceutical adjuvants, e.g., lactose, starch, talcum and/or magnesium stearate.
The compounds of this invention may be administered in various doses, depending upon the disease being treated. For example, they may be administered in oral or rectal daily doses of 50 to 500 mg., preferably 100-200 mg., or in parenteral daily doses of 30-150 mg., preferably 50-100 mg. They may be administered in customary pharmaceutical forms.
The following examples illustrate various pharmaceutical formulations of the compounds of this invention:
EXAMPLE 77
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Tablets
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Active substance as in Example 43 (hydrochloride)
15 mg.
micro-fine cellulose 8 mg.
lactose 8 mg.
potato starch 9 mg.
talcum 1.4 mg.
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EXAMPLE 78
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Soft Gelatine Capsules
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Active substance as in Example 10
50 mg.
wax 4 mg.
soy lecithin 2 mg.
partially hydrated vegetable oils
2 mg.
Composition of the Capsule Envelope
gelatin 110 mg.
glycerin 25 mg.
sorbitol 47 mg.
ethyl and propylparabenes, dye
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EXAMPLE 79
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Suppositories
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Active substance as in Example 46 (citrate)
30 mg.
semisynthetic partial glyceride
1.0 g.
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EXAMPLE 80
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Liquid
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Active substance as in Example 9
3.0 g.
invert sugar syrup 25.0 g.
aroma 0.5 g.
water 100.0 ml.
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EXAMPLE 81
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Ampule Solution
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Active substance as in Example 2
20.0 mg.
benzylalcohol 0.5 mg.
propyleneglycol 0.1 ml.
water ad. 1.0 ml.
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